Pendidikan orang dewasa dalam Alqur'an

Abstrak / Ringkasan

This study is aimed at explaining how the educational concept for adults in Alquran is carried out. There are six questions proposed as the formulation of the problems in this study i.e.: What are the principles of education for adults in Alquran?; What is Alquran’s perspective on adults’ learning readiness?; How is the learning concept through experience for adults carried out according to Alquran; What is Alquran’s perspective on the involvement of adults’ role in education?; What is the communication concept in adult education in Alquran?; And What is the relevance between the educational concept for adults in Alquran and contemporary Islamic education?.
The approach in this study is a thematic approach (maud}u>`i>), that is an interpretation approach carried out by assembling all Alquran verses that talk about education for adults, studied critically, in depth, and comprehensively in various aspects with a view to building a concept which is detailed and holistic about issues relating to education for adults in Alquran. This study embracesthe thematic research (maud}u>`i>) proposed by Mus}t}afa> Muslim. Once the analysis of the aims and objectives of Alquran verses that relate to the themes discussed is conducted, the researcher formulates a new theory on each sub of discussion which is well packed from the analysis results of opinions of commentators and experts in education. Further, conclusions are formulated by making the concept of Alquran as a solution to any arising problems in the formulation of research problems.
The primary source utilized in this study is Alquran. It is so because this research is primarily concerning the study of Alquran. Accordingly, the researcher determines that the primary source is Alquran and Its Translation published by the Ministry of Religion in 2012.
The secondary source utilized is any literatures relating to the sources of Alquran studies particularly on education for adults, whether from books of tafsir, various mu`jam (dictionary), opinions of the scientists or experts of Islamic education, books of Islamic studies and other general books, encyclopedias, or other sources of digital information.
Based on the data obtained in this study, six main conclusions can be drawn in regard to education for adults in Alquran. First, based on the study and analysis of the content of Surah Al-Baqarah/2:189, Surah Al-Baqarah/2:196, Surah Ali `Imra>n/3:64, Surah An-Nu>r/24:30-31, and Surah Al-Ah}za>b/33:53, it is found that there are 28 educational principles for adults in Alquran. Educational principles for adults initiated by Alquran have specific idiosyn crasy when compared with the concept of Western andragogy. Through the verses that have been discussed, values found in the process of education for adults should be implemented and led to the enforcement and practice of tauhid (oneness of God), raise of adult learners’ spiritual consciousness, and simultaneously can touch their emotional, intellectual and spiritual aspects.
Second, as for the aspect of readiness to learn, Alquran offers the concept of learning attitude formation so that adult learners can have their independence and furthermore, educators also can provide opportunities for adult learners to be more creative and to contribute to the learning process. Alquran also encourages learners’ readiness to be more motivated by recognizing their own potentials.
Third, in regard to learning aspects through experience, Alquran provides a number of sharing-experience concepts between educators and adult learners, and here the educators could give ample opportunity to their students to act as learning sources.
Fourth, as for the involvement of adults in the educational process, Alquran provides an appropriate solution that adult learners need to be physically and emotionally involved in learning process, whether in the planning process, its evaluation or in any problem solving that arises in educational environment.
Fifth, as for the communication aspect, Alquran provides appropriate solution for both educators and adult learners in applying the communication concept that realizes the concept of thinking and behaving scientifically and therefore, they are whole heartedly ready to accept the right to dissent, to adopt freedom of accepting or rejecting ideas, and to develop mutual respect. Alquran also aims to make the established communication capable of raising awareness of spirituality, therefore, any problem solving and decisions taken could give benefit and be blessed by Allah.
Sixth, the concept of education for adults in Alquran has relevance to the contemporary Islamic education, in terms of both type and process of learning. Alquran contains lots of educational ideas that are relevant to current styles of education, e.g. character education, multicultural education, environment-based education, cooperative learning model, problem-based learning model, and project-based learning model, all of which are positive for adult learners so that they can be critical, skilled in solving any arising problems, capable of working in teamwork, and socially skilled.

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