Comparative Study: School Role in Disaster Mitigation in Junior High School in Indonesia and Philippines

Abstrak / Ringkasan

Disaster mitigation education is needed for disaster-prone country so that the number of casualties during disasters can be minimized. It can be done effectively and systemically by the school institution. Disaster mitigation education can be done optimally by the school to the students through building the awareness of disaster risks as early as possible, but in the reality, the education of disaster mitigation conducted by the school is not optimal. By doing a comparative study of disaster mitigation education in Indonesia and the Philippines, it can be obtained an empiric picture of students' level of awareness of disaster so that the school can design more contextual education by developing an education of disaster mitigation in accordance with each school. 
This research applies two approaches i.e. qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative approach uses T-Test to analyze the similarities and differences related to students’ awareness on disaster mitigation at secondary school in Bantul, Yogyakarta and Munoz, Philippines. The qualitative approach is used to dig the deeper information about the similarities and differences of the students’ awareness on disaster mitigation related to students’ awareness on disaster mitigation at those two schools. The researchers chose Indonesia and Philippines as the site of the research because those countries possess the characteristics as the high-risk of disaster country. The schools chosen for this research are also located in the area which have a big risk of disaster, especially flood. They are one school in Munoz Nueva Ecija Philippines and a school in Bantul Indonesia which has ever faced flood and earthquake. The research subject are the students of secondary school in Munoz Philippines and Bantul Indonesia, the researcher took one class as the research subject and three teacher and the head master of each school to give information related to the school policy for disaster mitigation education  Data are collected by using interviews, questionnaires, observation and participation as well as documentation. In analyzing the data, three key activities are carried out: Notice things, Collect things and Think about things.
The research result describe that there are differences on the secondary school students’ awareness level in Bantul, Indonesia and Munoz, Philippines viewed from ORID analysis based on interpretation test on t-test result. Levene’s Test is used to test the varians homogeneity of the groups. From the Levene’s test, it is known that p-value= 0.134 bigger than ? =0.05, so that it is concluded that the assumption of the two variants could be fulfilled evenly. Therefore, this research used result of t-test of two independent samples with the assumption that both variants are same. The result of t-test showed that the value of t= - 7.442 and p-value= 0.00. It can be concluded that there are differences on the average ORID score of the students of Secondary school in Munoz, The Philippines and Bantul, Indonesia. The average ORID score of students of secondary school in Bantul is mean = 114.0889, better than the average ORID score of students of secondary school in Munoz Philippines; mean = 93.7115. The most dominant differences between those schools laid on the cognitive awareness i.e. students in Munoz are more rational than the students in Bantul on understanding a disaster event. Besides, the students in Munoz are more responsive in facing the disaster that the students in Bantul. On the non-structural dimension of mitigation, the role of school and teacher tends to be similar i.e. has not been intensively socialize the awareness to reduce the risk of disaster to the students. The understanding gained by the students usually derived from their experience in facing the disaster. From the structural dimension of mitigation, schools in Munoz, Philippines tends to anticipate the structure of the school building with the design that is more ready to face hurricane but they did not pay big attention to face flood because based on the demographical structure the location is difficult to avoid the flood sent from other district. The building structure of the secondary schools in Munoz is not designed to avoid flood from the river nearby. However, there have not been any victim resulted from disaster in both schools in Bantul and Munoz.

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