Pragmatic Instruction and Speaking Ability of Iraqi EFL Learners in Virtual vs. Face-to-face Classroom Contexts: Expressive, Declarative, and Directive Speech Acts in Focus
Hussein Al Khafaji; Zahra Amirian; Mohammad Amiryousefi; Abbas Sultan · DOAJ Open Access Articles
This study was an attempt to see whether the instruction of pragmatic markers in virtual vs. face-to-face classroom settings had any effect on Iraqi EFL learners’ speaking ability. It also attempted to examine the intervening effects of some factors including age (teenagers in the language institute vs. adults in the university), gender, social class, and th…