Ecological Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Alvand Mountain Ecosystem: A 15-Year Monitoring Study (2008–2022)
Golnar Makhfi; Alireza Ildoromi; Samar Mortazavi · DOAJ Open Access Articles
Background: Soil contamination by heavy metals represents a critical environmental issue that endangers both ecological balance and human well-being. This study investigates the ecological risks of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in the Alvand Mountain ecosystem over a 15-year monitoring period (2008–2022), emphasizing their sources, spatial distribution, and …