The Directorate of Civic Education (DFC) in Togo, 2001–2025: Actions, Limitations, and Challenges of a Citizenship Education Policy
Bassa Esso Tchangai · DOAJ Open Access Articles
Incivism, understood as the failure to fulfill civic duties or comply with the laws and rules governing collective life, constitutes a major challenge to social cohesion and the development of states. It differs from incivility, which refers more specifically to behavior that violates basic norms of courtesy and social conduct. In Togo, behaviors considered …